Compound Particle (Advanced ㊤ 452)
A compound particle that means “without depending on”.
Equivalent: Without; without ~ing; regardless of; independently of; without reference to; whether X or Y; whether X or not; whatever/whoever/etc.; no matter what/who/how/etc.
| (i) Noun | によらず | |
| 紹介によらず | Without introduction | |
| 学生数によらず | Regardless of the number of students | |
| (ii) Wh-word (Noun/NP) | によらず | |
| 誰によらず | Whoever it may be (literally: regardless of who it is) | |
| どんな仕事によらず | Whatever work it may be (literally: regardless of what kind of work it is) | |
| (iii) XかYか | によらず | Where X, Y=contrastive words; usually nonpast forms |
| Noun1かNoun2 | 英語か日本語かによらず | Regardless of whether something is English or Japanese |
| V1informalかV2informalか | 勝つか負けるによらず | Regardless of whether someone wins or loses |
| Adjectiveい1informalかAdjectiveい2informal | 高いか安いかによらず | Regardless of whether something is expensive or cheap |
| Adjectiveな1stemかAdjectiveな2stem | 偶然か意図的かによらず | Regardless of whether something is accidental or intentional |
| (iv) Xか{どう/ 否}か | によらず | |
| 存在するか{どう/否}かによらず | Regardless of whether something exists or not | |
| 高いか{どう/否}かによらず | Regardless of whether something is expensive or not | |
| 偶然か{どう/否}かによらず | Regardless of whether something is coincidental or not | |
| 学生か{どう/否}かによらず | Regardless of whether someone is a student or not | |
| (v) X(affirmative)かX(negative)か | によらず | |
| 行くか行かないかによらず | Regardless of whether someone goes or not | |
| 高いか高くないかによらず | Regardless of whether something is expensive or not | |
| 偶然(である)か偶然でないによらず | Regardless of whether something is coincidental or not | |
| 英語(である)か英語でないによらず | Regardless of whether something is English or not | |
| (vi) X(affirmative)+X(negative)か | によらず | Where X={V/Adjectiveい}informal; usually nonpast forms |
| 行く行かないによらず | Regardless of whether someone goes or not | |
| うまいうまくないによらず | Regardless of whether something is good or poor (at going something) | |
| (vii) X+Y | によらず | Where X, Y=Adjectiveいinformal nonpast/Adjectiveなstem; Y=X’s antonym |
| 上手下手によらず | Regardless of whether someone is skillful or unskillful | |
| うまい下手によらず | Regardless of whether someone is good or poor (at going something) | |
| (viii) {Noun/Adjectiveなstem} | であるなしによらず | |
| 会員であるなしによらず | Regardless of whether someone is a member or not | |
| 経済的であるなしによらず | Regardless of whether something is economical nor not | |
| (ix) Nounのあるなし | によらず | |
| 学位のあるなしによらず | Regardless of whether someone has a degree or not | |
| (x) Nounのいかん | によらず | |
| 方法のいかんによらず | Regardless of the method (literally: regardless of what the method is) |
